Women and drug trafficking in Peru: trajectories to crime between violences and resistances

Authors

  • Adriana Isabel Fernández Godenzi Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
  • Valeria Lindley Llanos Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
  • Macarena Gonzalez Espinosa
  • Ana Sofía Carranza Risco Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29112/ruae821893

Keywords:

women - gender - violence - drug trafficking - life trajectories

Abstract

In Peru, more than half of the women in prison are incarcerated for a crime related to illicit drug trafficking (IDT). In this article we analyze, from a feminist approach and narrative analysis, 57 interviews with women imprisoned in the six prisons with the largest population imprisoned for IDT in Peru. The results show five trajectories towards IDT: 1) Involvement due to economic urgency, 2) Involvement due to deception, 3) Involvement because IDT is validated as work, 4) Involvement linked to their partner relationship, and 5) Involvement due to unexpected and painful events. In feminist research, trajectories allow us to narrate realities that transcend individuality, showing the impact of macro-social circumstances and structural failures in everyday lives. From the analysis, we observe that both structural violence—linked to economic precariousness and scarce development opportunities—and the construction of a traditional feminine subjectivity—expressed in “being of others” and “being for others”—place them in situations of vulnerability for their involvement in this crime, which coexists with different levels of autonomy and agency on their part.

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Author Biographies

Adriana Isabel Fernández Godenzi, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

PhD student in Feminist Studies at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Xochimilco Unit - Mexico City, Master's degree in Community Psychology, and Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a focus on Clinical Psychology from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - PUCP. Full-time professor at the Department of Psychology at PUCP and researcher member of the research groups in Forensic and Penitentiary Psychology, Community Psychology, and Gender Studies at PUCP. Specialized in applied research on community mental health, gender-based violence, gender identity, sexual diversity, and criminology.

Valeria Lindley Llanos, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Gender, Violence and Conflict MA by the University of Sussex and Clinical Psychologist by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). She is a member of the Research Groups in Forensic and Penitentiary Psychology, and in Community Psychology at PUCP. Her work is centred on the topics of prison psychology, gender and violence.

Macarena Gonzalez Espinosa

Master in Psychoanalysis and Theory of Culture by the Universidad de Complutense de Madrid, and Clinical Psychologist by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). She is a member of the Research Group in Forensic and Penitentiary Psychology of PUCP. Her work is centred on the design of capacity building programs for the prevention of gender-based violence.

Ana Sofía Carranza Risco, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú

Gender Studies MA by the University of Sussex and Clinical Psychologist by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). She is a member of the Research Groups in Forensic and Penitentiary Psychology, and in Community Psychology at PUCP. Her work is centred on the topics of gender, community mental health, disabilities and prison psychology.

Published

2023-11-20

How to Cite

Fernández Godenzi, A. I., Lindley Llanos, V. ., Gonzalez Espinosa, M. ., & Carranza Risco, A. S. . (2023). Women and drug trafficking in Peru: trajectories to crime between violences and resistances. Uruguayan Review of Anthropology and Ethnography On Line: ISSN 2393-6886, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.29112/ruae821893